Process of Socialization Essay Example for Free

Process of Socialization Essay Socialization is the process by which children and adults learn from others. We begin learning from others during the early days of life; and most people continue their social learning all through life (unless some mental or physical disability slows or stops the learning process). Sometimes the learning is fun, as when we learn a new sport, art or musical technique from a friend we like. At other times, social learning is painful, as when we learn not to drive too fast by receiving a large fine for speeding. Natural socialization occurs when infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them. Planned socialization occurs when other people take actions designed to teach or train others from infancy on. Natural socialization is easily seen when looking at the young of almost any mammalian species (and some birds). Planned socialization is mostly a human phenomenon; and all through history, people have been making plans for teaching or training others. Both natural and planned socialization can have good and bad features: It is wise to learn the best features of both natural and planned socialization and weave them into our lives. Positive socialization is the type of social learning that is based on pleasurable and exciting experiences. We tend to like the people who fill our social learning processes with positive motivation, loving care, and rewarding opportunities. Negative socialization occurs when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to teach us a lesson; and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who impose it on us. There are all types of mixes of positive and negative socialization; and the more positive social learning experiences we have, the happier we tend to be,especially if we learn useful information that helps us cope well with the challenges of life. A high ratio of negative to positive socialization can make a person unhappy, defeated or pessimistic about life. Some people will defend negative socialization, since painful training can prepare people to be ready to fight and die in battle, put themselves at great risk in order to save others, endure torture and hardship. This is true; but many people receive far more negative socialization than they need, and hopefully fewer and fewer people will need to be trained for battle, torture and hardship. Functions of Different Social Processes 1.Cooperation- The most favored of all the social pocesses, promotes solidarity and cohesion. I.primary cooperation exist when individulas share the task and rewards with all the members, when the sharing itself becomes both the ends and the means. II.Secondary Cooperation is mere formal type of cooperation existing in modern societies and formal groups. 2.Conflict and cooperation- there are generally considered destructive forces, especially the conflict process but both also fulfill certain function in our society or else the process will oersist competition for one encourages people to exert their best. It stimulates individuals to improve their skills and evidence their knowledge. 3. Differentiation- As individuals they carry with their status or positions in the social system. The status determines the role play in the social situation. As society become more and more complex, roles and function of members in the social system becomes more and more specialized. Differentition role may depend in such factors as sex, age, wealth accumulated and others. References: http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/baldwin/classes/soc142/scznDEF.html Reporter: Danilo L. Sorio Jr.

Conflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit

Conflict between Good and Evil in Bradstreet’s The Flesh and the Spirit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      A colonial Puritan minister, Thomas Shepard, nicely summarized the paradox of the Puritan religion when he noted that â€Å"The greatest part of Christian grace lies in mourning the want of it.†Ã‚   Shepard suggests, in this passage, that good Christians should spend their days, indeed their entire lives, exploring and proclaiming their own depravity and sinfulness, their â€Å"want† of Christian grace.   Paradoxically, only this kind of a life could lead, ultimately, to the possibile attainment of God’s grace and thus entrance into heaven.   For the Puritans, such a formula posed a never-ending, internal conflict: good Christians who hope for grace can never believe that they are worthy of such grace.   Indeed, Puritans who want to be moral and upright must constantly keep in mind the fact that they are sinful and wicked and not deserving of God’s attention, much less admittance to heaven. The paradox of Shepard’s passage is one that the early Puritans not only firmly believed but also lived day in and day out.   As a central tenet of their existence, this paradox led Puritans to experience a constant internal struggle between two aspects of the Puritan self:   the sinful, wicked side and the redeemed, saved side.   Significantly, the struggle became a common motif in many Puritan works, including Anne Bradstreet’s â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit.†Ã‚   In this poem, Bradstreet describes not only the dual self that was the result of Puritan theology but also the psychological significance of the Puritan paradox.   â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit† demonstrates that the road to attainment of grace, and thus to salvation, lies not in resolving the conflict between the two aspe... ...e that existed because of the Puritan belief in total depravity.   The conflict between the sinful self and the redeemed self originated from the condition that, according to Puritans, humans, who are stricken with original sin because of Adam’s fall, must always keep an awareness of their depraved status in the forefront of their thoughts.   Such a belief led to a serious internal, psychological struggle that would only come to an end in death.   While the Puritans could never be assured of receiving God’s grace, they believed that if they maintained the struggle between their dual self in this life, when they died, they might be chosen to receive grace and thus attain salvation. Works Cited Bradstreet, Anne.   â€Å"The Flesh and the Spirit.†Ã‚   The Heath Anthology of American Literature.   Ed. Paul Lauter, et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1.   Lexington:   Heath, 1994.   302-305.  

Book Report Writing Template Essay

This is a guide only. It is not meant to write the report for you. It gives you a format or template for writing your own report. The original draft was developed by a teacher friend of mine to use with her own students. I have made a few additional enhancements which I believe make the model more clear and complete. A note of caution here. Your instructor may have another book report format that he/she prefers. So, make sure they approve of this format before using it. The following book report format template is appropriate for students at the pre-college level who are required to write a report about a book they have read. For the type of book summaries applicable to college and university level (undergraduate and post-graduate), as well as for business and professional situations, you can check out the following book summary sample. 1. Introductory Paragraph The first sentence should state for which instructor and class the book-report is being written. The second sentence should state the title of the book and the author’s name. The third sentence should tell how many pages the book has and the name of the publisher. The fourth sentence can state basic bibliographic information about the book. Bibliographic information means not only the author and title but also what company published the book, what year it was published in and any other relevant information such as the edition and if the book has been translated, simplified or abridged. (see copyright page and the back of the title page. ) The next sentence should state the reason(s) you decided to read this book. Why did you choose this particular book? Typical reasons might be: You like the author. You like this type of book (i. e. mystery, western, adventure or romance, etc. ). Read more:  How many sentences in one paragraph. Someone recommended the book to you. It was on a required reading list. You liked the cover. These reasons do not have to be complex. Most people choose the books they read because they like the author or somebody recommended it to them. If you chose the book because you like the author, then state why you like that author. An optional sentence can be used if the cover (back cover) of the book gives you any additional information then add a sentence with that information. Was the book a best seller? Are there X million copies in print? Did it win any major awards? 2. Main Character(s) Paragraph The first sentence of this paragraph should state who the main character or characters of the book are, and why they are important. Refer to this person or these persons as the Main Character or Main Characters. You will need at least a complex sentence for this, and probably more than one sentence. 3. Other Characters Paragraph You should compose at least one sentence for each of the other prominent or important characters in the book. State the name of each of the other important characters, and the key role that each one plays in the book Most books have five or six prominent characters besides the main character, so simply listing each one and stating their role in the book will give you a good sized paragraph. 4. Plot Summary Paragraph This is perhaps the hardest paragraph to write in five sentences or so. If you have to write a bit more don’t worry. Here are the main points to cover: State the type of book (Mystery, Western, etc. ). What place or country was the book set in? What time period was the book set in? (19th century, the present, ancient Rome, the 23rd century). Other physical locations which are important, like: ships, airplanes, houses, or buildings. Other notable attributes of the book. (Was it violent, scary, fast paced, etc. ). What is the main character trying to do? What is the outcome of the book? etc. Make sure you cover all of the major parts of the plot. You might have to go back through the book, chapter by chapter, and make a few notes. 5. Personal Impressions and Conclusion Paragraph Simply talk about what you liked or did not like about the book. Use this paragraph as your conclusion. It should summarize your overall impressions of the book and bring the report to a close. Start with a sentence that states that you are now writing a conclusion. (For example: â€Å"My final thoughts on ‘A Fine Balance’ are that it is a fascinating book but I am not entirely sure if I completely understood the thematic message of the book. † Restate your reasons why you liked and/or disliked the book using different words. Write two sentences that talk about the books good points and weak points. Write a sentence or two about what you learned from the book. Close with a sentence that states whether you would recommend the book to others. Don’t be afraid to give your own honest impressions of the book. After all, if you’ve read the book thoroughly, you are entitled to your own interpretation of it. Typically, your book report should not exceed two double-spaced pages, and it should be somewhere between 600 and 800 words in length. Research Assistance This site, which claims to be the best single research source online, maintains an inventory of more than 25,000 research reports on thousands of subjects; many of which are book summaries. Most are available for immediate download. If your subject isn’t already in their archives, they will do custom research and writing for you. You can download existing papers and/or order custom research papers 24 Hours a Day!

The Country of South Korea Geographic Information

Population: 48,636,068 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: SeoulBordering Country: North KoreaLand Area: 38,502 square miles (99,720 sq km)Coastline: 1,499 miles (2,413 km)Highest Point: Halla-san at 6,398 feet (1,950 m)South Korea is a country that is located in eastern Asia on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is officially called the Republic of Korea and its capital and largest city is Seoul. Most recently, South Korea has been in the news due to growing conflicts between it and its northern neighbor, North Korea. The two went to war in the 1950s and there have been years of hostilities between the two nations but on November 23, 2010, North Korea attacked South Korea. History of South Korea South Korea has a long history that dates back to ancient times. There is a myth that it was founded in 2333 B.C.E by the god-king Tangun. Since its founding, however, the area of present-day South Korea was invaded several times by neighboring areas and thus, its early history was dominated by China and Japan. In 1910, after weakening Chinese power over the area, Japan began colonial rule over Korea which lasted 35 years. At the end of World War II in 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies which resulted in the end of the countrys control over Korea. At that time, Korea was divided into North and South Korea at the 38th parallel and the Soviet Union and the United States began to influence the areas. On August 15, 1948, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was officially founded and on September 9, 1948, the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (North Korea) was established. Two years later on June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea and began the Korean War. Shortly after its beginning, a coalition led by the U.S. and the United Nations worked to end the war and armistice negotiations began in 1951. In that same year, the Chinese entered the conflict in support of North Korea. Peace negotiations ended on July 27, 1953, at Panmunjom and formed the Demilitarized Zone. According to the U.S. Department of State, an Armistice Agreement was then signed by the Korean Peoples Army, the Chinese Peoples Volunteers and the United Nations Command which was led by the U.S. South Korea never signed the agreement and to this day a peace treaty between North and South Korea has never officially been signed. Since the Korean War, South Korea experienced a period of domestic instability which resulted in a change it is government leadership. In the 1970s, Major General Park Chung-hee took control after a military coup and during his time in power, the country experienced economic growth and development but there were few political freedoms. In 1979, Park was assassinated and domestic instability continued through the 1980s. In 1987, Roh Tae-woo became president and he was in office until 1992, at which time Kim Young-sam took power. Since the early 1990s, the country became more stable politically and has grown socially and economically. Government of South Korea Today South Koreas government is considered a republic with an executive branch consisting of a chief of state and a head of government. These positions are filled by the president and prime minister, respectively. South Korea also has a unicameral National Assembly and a judicial branch with a Supreme Court and Constitutional Court. The country is divided into nine provinces and seven metropolitan or special cities (i.e. cities controlled directly by the federal government) for local administration. Economics and Land Use in South Korea Recently, South Koreas economy has begun to boom considerably and it is currently considered a high-tech industrialized economy. Its capital, Seoul, is a megacity and it is home to some of the worlds largest international companies like Samsung and Hyundai. Seoul alone generates over 20% of South Koreas gross domestic product. The largest industries in South Korea are electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, and steel production. Agriculture also plays a role in the countrys economy and the chief agricultural products are rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit, cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs, and fish. Geography and Climate of South Korea Geographically, South Korea is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula below the 38th parallel of latitude. It has coastlines along the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea. South Koreas topography consists mainly of hills and mountains but there are large coastal plains in the western and southern parts of the country. The highest point in South Korea is Halla-san, an extinct volcano, which rises to 6,398 feet (1,950 m). It is located on South Koreas Jeju Island, which is located south of the mainland. The climate of South Korea is considered temperate and rainfall is heavier in the summer than in the winter due to the presence of the East Asian Monsoon. Winters are cold to very cold depending upon altitude and summers are hot and humid. References Central Intelligence Agency. (24 November 2010). CIA - The World Factbook - South Korea. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Korea, South: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0107690.htmlUnited States Department of State. (28 May 2010). South Korea. Retrieved from: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2800.htmWikipedia.com. (8 December 2010). South Korea - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea